Read the essay 'On science and uncertainty' on pages 28-29 and post a blog entry in which you share you personal reflections using the following 'visible thinking' framework: 


1. CONNECT to what you already knew 
2. EXTEND: What new ideas did you get that EXTENDED or pushed your thinking in new directions? 
3. CHALLENGE: What is still CHALLENGING or confusing for you to get your mind around? What questions, wonderings or puzzles do you now have?


What is science?
Science is a systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. However, it isn't always necessary for science to be true. People actually question the knowledge of science. "Science is founded on uncertainty." (Quotes form Lewis Thomas)  
Therefore, we can not easily trust a new research's finding and conclusion because science is not just consisting of facts but also errors and this errors could lead to a new discovery but it is actually wrong because it has a "error" hence, it isn't necessary to believe a new research just because it is based on science. 
What really amazes me is how people still believe in the conclusion stated by scientists just because they used theory to prove it. Like don't people see that those scientists are humans and they also tend to make errors. So why do they believe any scientific fact in seconds without thinking twice about it? 

Indigenous knowledge system

Indigenous knowledge system is the local knowledge that belongs to a specific society or culture. Although their knowledge belongs to them, we have to be very aware of its dynamism, and the way in which it has developed over time as it has come into contact with knowledge from other cultures such as European colonizers.

The Karamojong live in the southern part of Karamoja region in the north-east of Uganda, occupying an area equivalent to one tenth of the country. The Karamojong are part of a group that migrated from present-day Ethiopia and split into two branches, with one branch moving to Kenya to form the Kalenjin group and Maasai cluster. The other branch, called Ateker, migrated westwards. Ateker further split into several groups, including Turkana in present day Kenya, Iteso, Dodoth, Jie, Karamojong, and Kumam in  Uganda, also Jiye and Toposa in southern Sudan all of them together now known as the "Teso Cluster" or "Karamojong Cluster".

Many Karamojong shun western-style clothes and instead wear "traditional" dress of a blanket -like shawl, often in red and black. The women wear elaborate bead work because they believe it is the best outfit to wear when herding the cattle and moving from place to place with them. 

Another example comes from a South African colleague who engaged rural indigenous women by means of focused group discussions in her quest to understand the concept of health from an indigenous perspective. She learned that for the rural indigenous women of Southern Africa health 
was basically about relationships! They believed that ill health occurred when relationships have broken down. In their indigenous thinking, even when restoration to health is sought through the bio medical approach, wholeness was possible only when broken relationships have been mended and restored because a person is most healthy when she or he is in harmony with others!

Is history a Science?

History is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about these events. Science  is the concerted human effort to understand the history of the natural world and how the natural world works, with observable physical evidence as the basis of that understanding.   The most striking difference between history and natural science is the degree to which proof can be established of the various contentions made by the scientist and  the historian respectively. 

History is not science because the answer seems self-evident. When scientists conduct their research, they are accompanied by laws of the scientific method. Progress in science rests on systematic testing, observation, and measurement of occurrence, normally requiring that results can be repeated if experiments are carried out with the same conditions. Whereas, historians are always necessarily dealing with incomplete information. 

Real Life moral situation:
Question: 
Slightly based on the trolley dilemma; there is a train that, much to your horror, is about to run over your own son, who has been tied to its track. It just so happens that you have only enough time to pull a lever which will send the train down an alternate track saving your son. However, you see that, tied to the other track, is your best friend, who recently saved your life and you have yet to repay him for doing so. What would you do?

• To be honest, what i would do is to jump off the train myself so that i don't get to see my son or my best friend dead and blame myself for the rest of my life for the cause to their death. So that even if the train runs over my son, i wouldn't get to see him dead and mourn over him and feel bad that i didn't pull the lever. 

In Great Carven's video of global warming, he was looking at if we should take action against or not global warming and who the cause of global warming is? he argues that we should  take action because later in the years, we would suffer alot. what i  learnt is that we need to learn to decide fast and be appropriate in decision making.

Is seeing believing?

To a larger extent, i do agree that seeing is believing because we as humans, its in our natures to not really believe someone without them showing a proof. We believe in what our eyes see and that's what we say its the truth-what our eyes see. In court cases, lawyers have to present evidence in favour of his client. 

Why does he have to present evidence? 

Because he knows that the judge can not believe anything he sees without giving justifications and evidence to his statements. It the same thing in real life situations.

However, nobody has seen God but still people believe in Him. So its not necessary for one to see something in order to believe in it. People believe in reincarnation. We don't know even know if it exists or not.

 Hence, it is not necessary to see something in order to believe in it.

Language

 Reflection on it: 
Language is what everyone uses to communicate, inform something, interact with others, use it to provide knowledge or information and to do so many other things. Language can not only be expressed verbally but also, via texts/messaging, through pictures/symbols and through videos. The type of language that one uses to express/give out a point may not be in the same way the other person would take/understand it. For example, if i say "I don't like school." I am meaning that i don't like the amount of work being given to me from school but the other person would think that i am meaning that i generally don't like the school am in. Therefore, the type of language and words used vary and is not necessary to be taken/understood in the same way by each and every person.  Symbols and pictures also have a hand in the way language is used and understood by people. For example; in shopping malls, there are trolleys that people can use with babies less than 1 year to shop with. The people don't have to carry their babies while shopping, The can keep the babies on the bed that is attached to the trolley and can move around the mall. But how do we know that tis is for people with babies only? This is where symbols or pictures play a role. With the baby bed attached to the trolley, it signifies that this types of trolleys are to be used with people with babies. Therefore, language plays different kind of roles in different situations. We use and see language everywhere.
Hence, language is a method for communicating and does not necessarily need to be verbally. And it also plays major roles in our lives.